この記事の続きです.
前回はLinuxカーネルをビルドして動かしてみるところまでやりました. 今回はdebianのイメージを作って動かしてみたいと思います.
debootstrapでdebian環境を作る
debootstrapはdebianの基本システムを簡単に作れる公式ツールです. Arch Linuxではyaourtで導入できます.
$ yaourt debootstrap
また,debootstrapを完了するためにはbinfmtとqemu user modeのstaticバイナリが必要です.以下のコマンドで導入及び有効化してください. binfmtやqemu user modeについての解説は,ググるか,C89で僕のスタンドが同人誌の中でほんの少し解説するようなので,興味のある方は「3日目東ム36-a 迷惑研」にいらしてください.
$ yaourt -S binfmt-support binfmt-qemu-static $ sudo update-binfmts --enable qemu-arm $ yaourt -S qemu-user-static
debootstrapを用いてarmel用のdebian jessie環境を作るには,以下のコマンドを実行します. なお,後の作業で必要なため,debootstrapは前回linuxカーネルのソースをおいたところで実行してください.
$ cd $ mkdir -p debian-jessie-armel/usr/bin $ cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static debian-jessie-armel/usr/bin/ $ sudo debootstrap --arch armel jessie debian-jessie-armel http://ftp.jp.debian.org/debian
次にchrootでこのdebian環境に入り,初期設定としてrootのパスワードだけ設定します.
$ LC_ALL=C LANGUAGE=C LANG=C sudo chroot debian-jessie-armel /bin/bash # export PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin # passwd # exit $ cd ~/
Linux Kernelからモジュールとかヘッダを入れる
前回ビルドしたlinuxカーネルのうち,モジュールとヘッダファイルをこのdebian環境に入れます.
$ cd linux $ make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi- modules $ sudo make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi- INSTALL_MOD_PATH=~/debian-jessie-armel modules_install $ sudo make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi- INSTALL_HDR_PATH=~/debian-jessie-armel/usr headers_install $ cd ~/
SDカードにDebian環境をインストールする
前回作成したLinuxカーネルと今回作ったDebian環境をSDカードに入れていきます. なお,私の持っている黒柴のU-BootはSDカードの第2パーティションをrootfsとして起動するようになっていたので,第1パーティションにカーネル,第2パーティションにrootfsを置くような構成にします.
fdisk等を用いて,第1パーティションを64MBのfat,残りをext4のパーティションとしてパーティション分けを行ってください. そして次のコマンドでフォーマットを行います.
$ sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdX1 (Xは各自環境に合わせる) $ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX2
フォーマットが終わったら,第1パーティションを/mnt/fat,第2パーティションを/mnt/ext4にマウントします.
$ sudo mkdir -p /mnt/fat $ sudo mkdir -p /mnt/ext4 $ mount -t vfat /dev/sdX1 /mnt/fat $ mount -t ext4 /dev/sdX2 /mnt/ext4
後はカーネルとdebian環境をSDカードに入れ,アンマウントします.
$ sudo cp uImage+dtb /mnt/fat/ $ sudo rsync -avh debian-jessie-armel/ /mnt/ext4/ $ sudo umount /mnt/fat $ sudo umount /mnt/ext4
以上でインストールは完了です.
起動してみる
最後に,黒柴にSDカードを刺した後,前回と同様の方法で起動してみます.
Marvell>> mmcinit Marvell>> fatload mmc 0:1 0x02000000 uimage+dtb Marvell>> bootm
正しく動作すれば,debianのログインプロンプトが出てくるはずです. 以下に動作時のログを乗せておきます.
Marvell>> mmcinit SDHC found. Card desciption is: Manufacturer: 0x74, OEM "JE" Product name: "USD ", revision 1.0 Serial number: 1280314594 Manufacturing date: 1/2012 CRC: 0x00, b0 = 0 Marvell>> fatload mmc 0:1 0x02000000 uimage+dtb reading uimage+dtb 4298473 bytes read Marvell>> bootm ## Booting image at 02000000 ... Image Name: Linux-sheeva-esata Created: 2015-12-25 5:13:54 UTC Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed) Data Size: 4298409 Bytes = 4.1 MB Load Address: 02000000 Entry Point: 02000040 Verifying Checksum ... OK XIP Kernel Image ... OK Starting kernel ... Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0 Linux version 4.3.0 (tnishinaga@arch-tx201) (gcc version 5.2.0 (crosstool-NG crosstool-ng-1.22.0) ) #6 PREEMPT Fri Dec 25 14:07:55 JST 2015 CPU: Feroceon 88FR131 [56251311] revision 1 (ARMv5TE), cr=0005397f CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache Machine model: Globalscale Technologies eSATA SheevaPlug Memory policy: Data cache writeback Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 130048 Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw PID hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes) Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes) Memory: 510664K/524288K available (6261K kernel code, 214K rwdata, 1680K rodata, 176K init, 666K bss, 13624K reserved, 0K cma-reserved, 0K highmem) Virtual kernel memory layout: vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB) fixmap : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000 (3072 kB) vmalloc : 0xe0800000 - 0xff000000 ( 488 MB) lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xe0000000 ( 512 MB) pkmap : 0xbfe00000 - 0xc0000000 ( 2 MB) modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xbfe00000 ( 14 MB) .text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc07c9984 (7943 kB) .init : 0xc07ca000 - 0xc07f6000 ( 176 kB) .data : 0xc07f6000 - 0xc082b9c0 ( 215 kB) .bss : 0xc082b9c0 - 0xc08d24a0 ( 667 kB) SLUB: HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1 Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation. Build-time adjustment of leaf fanout to 32. NR_IRQS:16 nr_irqs:16 16 clocksource: orion_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 9556302233 ns sched_clock: 32 bits at 200MHz, resolution 5ns, wraps every 10737418237ns Console: colour dummy device 80x30 Calibrating delay loop... 1191.11 BogoMIPS (lpj=5955584) pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301 Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok Setting up static identity map for 0x81e0 - 0x8238 mvebu-soc-id: MVEBU SoC ID=0x6281, Rev=0x2 devtmpfs: initialized clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns xor: measuring software checksum speed arm4regs : 1084.400 MB/sec 8regs : 804.000 MB/sec 32regs : 970.800 MB/sec xor: using function: arm4regs (1084.400 MB/sec) pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem NET: Registered protocol family 16 DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations cpuidle: using governor ladder cpuidle: using governor menu Feroceon L2: Enabling L2 Feroceon L2: Cache support initialised. [Firmware Info]: /ocp@f1000000/ethernet-controller@72000/ethernet0-port@0: local-mac-address is not set raid6: int32x1 gen() 115 MB/s raid6: int32x1 xor() 76 MB/s raid6: int32x2 gen() 167 MB/s raid6: int32x2 xor() 103 MB/s raid6: int32x4 gen() 185 MB/s raid6: int32x4 xor() 119 MB/s raid6: int32x8 gen() 187 MB/s raid6: int32x8 xor() 116 MB/s raid6: using algorithm int32x8 gen() 187 MB/s raid6: .... xor() 116 MB/s, rmw enabled raid6: using intx1 recovery algorithm vgaarb: loaded SCSI subsystem initialized usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs usbcore: registered new interface driver hub usbcore: registered new device driver usb Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized. clocksource: Switched to clocksource orion_clocksource NET: Registered protocol family 2 TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096) UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) NET: Registered protocol family 1 RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module. RPC: Registered udp transport module. RPC: Registered tcp transport module. RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module. futex hash table entries: 256 (order: -1, 3072 bytes) jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc. io scheduler noop registered io scheduler deadline registered io scheduler cfq registered (default) kirkwood-pinctrl f1010000.pin-controller: registered pinctrl driver irq: Cannot allocate irq_descs @ IRQ34, assuming pre-allocated irq: Cannot allocate irq_descs @ IRQ66, assuming pre-allocated mv_xor f1060800.xor: Marvell shared XOR driver mv_xor f1060800.xor: Marvell XOR (Registers Mode): ( xor cpy intr ) mv_xor f1060900.xor: Marvell shared XOR driver mv_xor f1060900.xor: Marvell XOR (Registers Mode): ( xor cpy intr ) Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 2 ports, IRQ sharing disabled console [ttyS0] disabled f1012000.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0xf1012000 (irq = 26, base_baud = 12500000) is a 16550A console [ttyS0] enabled loop: module loaded sata_mv f1080000.sata: slots 32 ports 2 scsi host0: sata_mv scsi host1: sata_mv ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 irq 32 ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 irq 32 nand: device found, Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xdc nand: Samsung NAND 512MiB 3,3V 8-bit nand: 512 MiB, SLC, erase size: 128 KiB, page size: 2048, OOB size: 64 Scanning device for bad blocks Bad eraseblock 2909 at 0x000016ba0000 Bad eraseblock 3657 at 0x00001c920000 3 ofpart partitions found on MTD device orion_nand Creating 3 MTD partitions on "orion_nand": 0x000000000000-0x000000100000 : "u-boot" 0x000000100000-0x000000500000 : "uImage" 0x000000500000-0x000020000000 : "root" libphy: orion_mdio_bus: probed mv643xx_eth: MV-643xx 10/100/1000 ethernet driver version 1.4 mv643xx_eth_port mv643xx_eth_port.0 eth0: port 0 with MAC address f0:ad:4e:00:5c:d9 libertas_sdio: Libertas SDIO driver libertas_sdio: Copyright Pierre Ossman ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver ehci-pci: EHCI PCI platform driver ehci-orion: EHCI orion driver orion-ehci f1050000.ehci: EHCI Host Controller orion-ehci f1050000.ehci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1 ata1: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl F300) orion-ehci f1050000.ehci: irq 29, io mem 0xf1050000 orion-ehci f1050000.ehci: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00 hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-datafab usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-freecom usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-jumpshot usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-sddr09 usbcore: registered new interface driver ums-sddr55 mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice rtc-mv f1010300.rtc: rtc core: registered f1010300.rtc as rtc0 i2c /dev entries driver orion_wdt: Initial timeout 21 sec mvsdio f1090000.mvsdio: Got CD GPIO mvsdio f1090000.mvsdio: Got WP GPIO MV-CESA:Could not register sha1 driver MV-CESA:Could not register hmac-sha1 driver usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid usbhid: USB HID core driver oprofile: no performance counters oprofile: using timer interrupt. NET: Registered protocol family 17 lib80211: common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers Btrfs loaded mmc0: new high speed SDHC card at address b368 rtc-mv f1010300.rtc: setting system clock to 2013-01-01 11:42:16 UTC (1357040536) mmcblk0: mmc0:b368 USD 3.75 GiB mmcblk0: p1 p2 ALSA device list: No soundcards found. ata2: SATA link down (SStatus 0 SControl F300) EXT2-fs (mmcblk0p2): error: couldn't mount because of unsupported optional features (240) EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): couldn't mount as ext3 due to feature incompatibilities EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null) VFS: Mounted root (ext4 filesystem) on device 179:2. devtmpfs: mounted Freeing unused kernel memory: 176K (c07ca000 - c07f6000) random: systemd urandom read with 7 bits of entropy available systemd[1]: systemd 215 running in system mode. (+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA +SYSVINIT +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +ACL +XZ -SECCOMP -APPARMOR) systemd[1]: Detected architecture 'arm'. Welcome to Debian GNU/Linux 8 (jessie)! systemd[1]: Failed to insert module 'autofs4' systemd[1]: Failed to insert module 'ipv6' systemd[1]: Set hostname to <arch-tx201>. systemd[1]: Cannot add dependency job for unit dbus.socket, ignoring: Unit dbus.socket failed to load: No such file or directory. systemd[1]: Cannot add dependency job for unit display-manager.service, ignoring: Unit display-manager.service failed to load: No such file or directory. systemd[1]: Expecting device dev-ttyS0.device... Expecting device dev-ttyS0.device... systemd[1]: Starting Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch. systemd[1]: Started Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch. systemd[1]: Starting Remote File Systems (Pre). [ OK ] Reached target Remote File Systems (Pre). systemd[1]: Reached target Remote File Systems (Pre). systemd[1]: Starting Encrypted Volumes. [ OK ] Reached target Encrypted Volumes. systemd[1]: Reached target Encrypted Volumes. systemd[1]: Starting Dispatch Password Requests to Console Directory Watch. systemd[1]: Started Dispatch Password Requests to Console Directory Watch. systemd[1]: Starting Paths. [ OK ] Reached target Paths. systemd[1]: Reached target Paths. systemd[1]: Set up automount Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point. systemd[1]: Starting Swap. [ OK ] Reached target Swap. systemd[1]: Reached target Swap. systemd[1]: Starting Root Slice. [ OK ] Created slice Root Slice. systemd[1]: Created slice Root Slice. systemd[1]: Starting User and Session Slice. [ OK ] Created slice User and Session Slice. systemd[1]: Created slice User and Session Slice. systemd[1]: Starting Delayed Shutdown Socket. [ OK ] Listening on Delayed Shutdown Socket. systemd[1]: Listening on Delayed Shutdown Socket. systemd[1]: Starting /dev/initctl Compatibility Named Pipe. [ OK ] Listening on /dev/initctl Compatibility Named Pipe. systemd[1]: Listening on /dev/initctl Compatibility Named Pipe. systemd[1]: Starting Journal Socket (/dev/log). [ OK ] Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log). systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log). systemd[1]: Starting udev Control Socket. [ OK ] Listening on udev Control Socket. systemd[1]: Listening on udev Control Socket. systemd[1]: Starting udev Kernel Socket. [ OK ] Listening on udev Kernel Socket. systemd[1]: Listening on udev Kernel Socket. systemd[1]: Starting Journal Socket. [ OK ] Listening on Journal Socket. systemd[1]: Listening on Journal Socket. systemd[1]: Starting System Slice. [ OK ] Created slice System Slice. systemd[1]: Created slice System Slice. systemd[1]: Starting system-getty.slice. [ OK ] Created slice system-getty.slice. systemd[1]: Created slice system-getty.slice. systemd[1]: Starting system-serial\x2dgetty.slice. [ OK ] Created slice system-serial\x2dgetty.slice. systemd[1]: Created slice system-serial\x2dgetty.slice. systemd[1]: Starting Increase datagram queue length... Starting Increase datagram queue length... systemd[1]: Starting Load Kernel Modules... Starting Load Kernel Modules... systemd[1]: Starting udev Coldplug all Devices... Starting udev Coldplug all Devices... systemd[1]: Mounting Debug File System... Mounting Debug File System... systemd[1]: Starting Create list of required static device nodes for the current kernel... Starting Create list of required static device nodes...rrent kernel... systemd[1]: Mounted POSIX Message Queue File System. systemd[1]: Started Set Up Additional Binary Formats. systemd[1]: Mounted Huge Pages File System. systemd[1]: Starting Slices. [ OK ] Reached target Slices. systemd[1]: Reached target Slices. systemd[1]: Starting Remount Root and Kernel File Systems... Starting Remount Root and Kernel File Systems... [ OK ] Mounted Debug File System. systemd[1]: Mounted Debug File System. [ OK ] Started Increase datagram queue length. systemd[1]: Started Increase datagram queue length. [ OK ] Started Load Kernel Modules. systemd[1]: Started Load Kernel Modules. [ OK ] Started Create list of required static device nodes ...current kernel. systemd[1]: Started Create list of required static device nodes for the current kernel. [ OK ] Started Remount Root and Kernel File Systems. systemd[1]: Started Remount Root and Kernel File Systems. [ OK ] Started udev Coldplug all Devices. systemd[1]: Started udev Coldplug all Devices. systemd[1]: Starting Various fixups to make systemd work better on Debian... Starting Various fixups to make systemd work better on Debian... systemd[1]: Starting Load/Save Random Seed... Starting Load/Save Random Seed... systemd[1]: Starting Create Static Device Nodes in /dev... Starting Create Static Device Nodes in /dev... systemd[1]: Mounted Configuration File System. systemd[1]: Mounted FUSE Control File System. systemd[1]: Starting Apply Kernel Variables... Starting Apply Kernel Variables... systemd[1]: Starting Syslog Socket. [ OK ] Listening on Syslog Socket. systemd[1]: Listening on Syslog Socket. systemd[1]: Starting Sockets. [ OK ] Reached target Sockets. systemd[1]: Reached target Sockets. systemd[1]: Starting Journal Service... Starting Journal Service... [ OK ] Started Journal Service. systemd[1]: Started Journal Service. [ OK ] Started Various fixups to make systemd work better on Debian. [ OK ] Started Load/Save Random Seed. [ OK ] Started Create Static Device Nodes in /dev. [ OK ] Started Apply Kernel Variables. Starting udev Kernel Device Manager... [ OK ] Reached target Local File Systems (Pre). [ OK ] Reached target Local File Systems. systemd-udevd[1159]: starting version 215 Starting Create Volatile Files and Directories... [ OK ] Reached target Remote File Systems. Starting Trigger Flushing of Journal to Persistent Storage... Starting LSB: Raise network interfaces.... [ OK ] Started udev Kernel Device Manager. [ OK ] Started Create Volatile Files and Directories. Starting Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown... Starting Copy rules generated while the root was ro... [ OK ] Started Copy rules generated while the root was ro. systemd-journald[1157]: Received request to flush runtime journal from PID 1 [ OK ] Started Trigger Flushing of Journal to Persistent Storage. [ OK ] Started Update UTMP about System Boot/Shutdown. [ OK ] Found device /dev/ttyS0. [ OK ] Started LSB: Raise network interfaces.. [ OK ] Reached target Network. [ OK ] Reached target System Initialization. [ OK ] Reached target Timers. [ OK ] Reached target Basic System. Starting Regular background program processing daemon... [ OK ] Started Regular background program processing daemon. Starting /etc/rc.local Compatibility... Starting getty on tty2-tty6 if dbus and logind are not available... Starting System Logging Service... Starting Permit User Sessions... [ OK ] Started /etc/rc.local Compatibility. [ OK ] Started Permit User Sessions. [ OK ] Started System Logging Service. Starting Getty on tty2... [ OK ] Started Getty on tty2. Starting Getty on tty1... [ OK ] Started Getty on tty1. Starting Serial Getty on ttyS0... [ OK ] Started Serial Getty on ttyS0. [ OK ] Started getty on tty2-tty6 if dbus and logind are not available. Starting Getty on tty6... [ OK ] Started Getty on tty6. Starting Getty on tty5... [ OK ] Started Getty on tty5. Starting Getty on tty4... [ OK ] Started Getty on tty4. Starting Getty on tty3... [ OK ] Started Getty on tty3. [ OK ] Reached target Login Prompts. [ OK ] Reached target Multi-User System. [ OK ] Reached target Graphical Interface. Starting Update UTMP about System Runlevel Changes... [ OK ] Started Update UTMP about System Runlevel Changes. Debian GNU/Linux 8 arch-tx201 ttyS0 arch-tx201 login:
実は,Linuxカーネルを1からビルドして,rootfsも用意して正しく動いたのが初めてなので,すごく嬉しいです. やたー!